Practical Chemistry Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Practical Chemistry Report - Essay Example Molar absorptivity is fixed the moment the reactant is fixed, cell length is standardized and therefore, its effect is also fixed. Now only variable deciding intensity of the absorbed and therefore transmitted light is the concentration of the reactant. Therefore, concentration of the reactant at a particular time can be read directly from the detector reading of the transmitted light. Care should be taken to subtract the reading corresponding to the bare solution i.e. the solution having no reactant. Data from both the experiments has been plotted separately on semi log scale i.e. ln[A] was plotted against time t (s) using excel software. Data points were plotted as a X-Y scatter plot and a linear interpolation was used as nature of the plot for the first order reaction is linear from the theory. Slope of the line gives value of the rate constant ÃŽ » and the intercept gives value of the initial concentration i.e. [Ao] Figure 1 shows variation of ln[A] vs time for Experiment 1. The close proximity of the data points from the linear interpolation line confirms that all the data points are very accurate. The same is confirmed by very high value of R2 which is 0.9929. One should note that value of R2 being 1 means all the data points will fall on the interpolation line. That is the ideal condition which never happens in actual experiments. There is another useful parameter half life (t1/2) associated with a first order reaction kinetics. This is the tie period during which concentration of the reactant is reduced to half of its original value. Value of half life (t1/2) can be calculated by putting [A] = [Ao]/2 and setting t as t1/2 in the integrated form of the rate equation derived above. This comes out to be In experiment 1 value of the rate constant (ÃŽ ») is 0.0006. Therefore, value of half life comes to be 1155 second. One should check in the experimental data whether really [A] is halving in every 1155s. What we find is that

Media Relations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Media Relations - Assignment Example Quite the contrary: There’s so much information nobody can find anything† (Howard & Mathews, p. 3). Personally, I find it easy to be able to perform a quick Google search to be able to locate the information I need, whether it is a quote from a book, an excerpt from a script, or even a search in EBSCO to obtain necessary sources. I would like to look further into where they obtained this information; is it simply because it is someone of an older generation who is saying this, someone who hasn’t grown up with the internet, and as such, does not have the necessary skills to be able to narrow down their keywords for their search, or is it something more? In On Deadline: Managing Media Relations, the next thing to surprise me was the comment that â€Å"print is not dead† (Howard & Mathews, p. 4), where they go on to state that â€Å"the print media are still competitive and willing to take steps to adapt to todays’ readers† (Howard & Mathews, p. 4), while it makes sense that electronic print media is on the rise, and though the idea of magazines still being published in print form makes sense, it seems that print newspapers would start to die out, as readership grows online. I would like to learn what the true statistics are for this, and if it is really actually still feasible from an economic standpoint that they continue to make actual print newspapers for much longer. Finally, the third thing that surprised me was the idea presented in â€Å"Handling the Difficult Interview† that if there is a media crisis, that it is in the company’s best interests to â€Å"disseminate friendly evidence† (Krattenmaker, p. 4), even if the scandal is false. It would seem to me that simply a denial of the issue would suffice, but instead it is suggested that friendly evidence also be provided as well; while this may be worthwhile from a public relations standpoint, in some cases, it does not seem like it would be a benefit overall, and in fact would serve to

Memory Test For Positive And Negative Words Psychology Essay

Memory Test For Positive And Negative Words Psychology Essay In the subject of Word Memory, many different types of researches have been done in the past. In many of these researches we can find that many different factors affect the way we remember some words. Examples of different factors are familiarity, imageability, arousal, and valence. In this particular study we took a look at one of these factors, negative and positive words. The subjects in this experiment were shown a list of 20 different words, and our hypothesis: subjects with low mean age will remember more negative words than positive ones. However we did not find any relevant difference between the two groups of words, more extensive studies could be carried out on the subject to see relevant differences. Introduction. There has been broad different researches in the field of Word Memory, and experts have been trying to figure out whether word recollection is affected by different variables. In some experiments it has come to light that word recollection is greatly affected by word concreteness. Concrete words are easier to remember than abstract words (Walker, Ian; Hulme, Charles, 1999). But yet it is not the only factor that can affect word memory. In some other cases, it was shown that the results were affected by the frequency of the words. As shown in the study conducted by Robert E. Guttentag and Donna Carroll (1997), word recollection is greatly affected by the frequency of the words: The findings indicated that subjects were better at remembering the mental operations utilized at study for low frequency than for high frequency words. In this research in particular we are going to focus on the emotionality of the words, such as positive and negative words. In long-term memory, negative information is better remembered than neutral information. Differences in processes important to working memory may contribute to this emotional memory enhancement (Kensinger, Elizabeth A.; Corkin, Suzanne, 2003) As stated emotion in memory can have quite a big impact. The way we feel about words meaning can greatly change the amount of time we will remember that specific word. In another experiment, subjects were depression induced, and had to undergo recollection of words. The experiments showed that emotion played a key role into the controlled group and the other. The subjects were recolling words based on the emotions induced from the experimenters. (Bradley, Mogg, Galbraith Perrett, 1993). Our goal is to investigate on the effect of emotionality in words recollection. Subjects will be shown 2 different groups of words for a total of 20 words. Negative words and Positive words. Since pre-experiment we knew that the age of the participants and size of the group were relatively small, we hypothesized that the participants will remember negative words more than positive words. Methods. Design: The experiment was a within subject design and the controlled variable was the valency of the words, positive and negative. The number of the words that each participant would remember was the dependent variable. The problem of order effect was overcome by creating two separate powerpoint presentations. The order of the words was also different and randomized. Participants: All of the participants were part of the psychology class at Aberdeen university. 16 subjects. Out of all the participants only 1 was male, the rest 15 were females. The mean age of the participants was 20.69, with a SD of 2.44 Apparatus: The main tool of the experiment were presentations done by using PowerPoint. All the subjects were presented with 20 words (10 positive 10 negative). The source were we took the words is Bellezza, Greenwald and Banajis (1986) catalogue of words. The 20 words were on a pleasantness scale. Positive pleasantness mean: 4.50, negative pleasantness mean: 1,64. In order to randomize and finding out the mean of pleasantness of the words also the program Microsoft Excel was used. Later for the results and analysis, a software named Statistical Package for Social Science was used. Procedure: Each subject was given a computer were the power point presentation was started. The presentation gave the instructions to each participant. The first slide showed the participants that they would be shown a list of 20 words, each word was shown on screen for only 2 seconds. Afterwards they would have to remember as many words as they could from the ones shown. It also said that between the acquisition and recollection of the words they would take a 2 minutes mathematical questionnaire, and then they could write down as many words as they could remember from the slides. After the experiment was over, we recorded the results of each participant and their sex and age. We then took those results and analyzed them using SPSS. Results. The results were the following: the mean number of words remembered for negative condition was 4.00 with a SD of 1.63, the standard error was 0.41. Instead for the positive condition, the mean was 3.69 with a SD of 1.54 and the standard error of 0.38. The results can be seen in chart below (Figure 1). Figure 1. Means for both negative and positive scores. Each top bar rappresents the plus or minus 1 for standard error. Since the results shown in Figure 1 very similar to each other, more analysis had to be done. A paired samples t-test was used in this case. The t-test showed that the mean for positive condition was 3.69, with a SD of 1.54. The mean for the negative condition was 4.00 with a SD of 1.63. Therefore the results showed us that there were no relevant differences between the two condition. Due to the results been non-significant, we can state that our hypothesis is not supported and it could be rejected. Discussion. According to Thomas Hasher (2006), the phenomena stated in our hypothesis would happen if the subjects were of younger age. Unfortunately as we saw in our results, our hypothesis, that negative words would be remembered more than positive words, was rejected. This could be due to different factors such as sex, age (Thomas Hasher, 2006), ethnicity and numbers of subject. Many different things could be the reason why we did not receive the results we were expecting. For example, the number of our participant was limited to 16. In a case where we would of have 100 or 1000 we could of seen the differences in the means curve. Also the words were a limited number. A list of 20 words could be too few to prove the hypothesis. For future studies these aspects should be observed and improved in order to see results more towards to our hypothesis. Conclusion. To conclude, the results in this experiment were not to expectations. The low number of participants and the list of few words were the main factors for these results. In future experiments perhaps we would take in consideration these factors and also improve other particulars, such as space where the experiment is taken; perhaps a single room for each participant would have impact on the recollection of words (less distractions). And also the time and task before the recollection, could be a bit longer time and different/more challenging task.

Safety Features in Automobiles Essay -- Expository Essays Research Pap

Safety Features  in Automobiles "Motor vehicle crashes are the number one killer of Americans under the age of 34. Every 22 minutes someone is killed in a crash" (Vince and Larry). Since 1990, many new safety features have been put into vehicles to help save lives. These features are Antilock brakes, airbags, OnStar, and four-wheel drive or all wheel drive. "One of the best safety features available is anti-lock braking system" (Gillis). Antilock brake system (ABS) is a safety feature that keeps the brakes from locking up so the driver can maintain control over steering and directional stability in situations where the driver has to apply heavy brakes, heavy enough that if the vehicle was not equipped with ABS, the brakes would lock up. ABS is usually engaged on slippery road surfaces, when traction is minimal. If a person's brakes lock up on a slippery surface, then the vehicle could loose steering control and the vehicle could spin. ABS could help a person avoid an accident because it allows a person to maintain steering control of the vehicle (Questions and answers...). In a vehicle not equipped with an antilock brake system, the driver has to manually pump the brakes to keep from sliding. ABS works by sensing each wheel's speed. When the sensors detects that the wheels are about to lock up, the ABS computer automatically changes the amount of brake fluid being sent to each wheel. With ABS engaged, the vehicle will "Maintain optimum braking performance---just short of locking up the wheels." The computer will keep adjusting the brake pressure as the road conditions change (Antilock brake systems ...). The four main parts of an antilock brake system are the speed sensors, the pump, the valves, and the controller. Th... ...ve.htm National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (1996). Moving * forward: expanding collaborations between traffic safety and public health. MA. Education Development Center, inc.. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (1998). Questions and * answers regarding antilock brake systems (ABS). U.S. Department of Transportation. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (1999). New car safety features. U.S. Department of Transportation. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (2000). Antilock brake * systems (ABS): reading this could be one of the safest things you ever do. U.S. Department of Transportation. OnStar. (2002). What is OnStar: services. Retrieved March 14, 2003, from http://onstar.com/visitors/html/ao_features.htm "Vince and Larry." (1991). Vince and Larry on belts and bags. U.S. Department of Transportation.

American Dream In the 1920s Essay

In the 1920s, many Americans were trying to achieve the infamous â€Å"American Dream.† The dream was to be rich, successful, happy, and one of the social elites. However, even though this was the dream for Americans in the 1920s, the general standard has changed over the years into the present time. Since the 1920s, the dream of putting a high emphasis on an individualistic and materialistic life has evolved into a present day dream of working hard, holding a well-paying job, and raising a family. The 1920s was an era of declined social and moral values, as shown by its increased pursuit of pleasure. When World War I ended in 1918, the young Americans who had fought the war became deeply disillusioned, as the battles that they had just fought in made the Victorian social morality of the early 1920s seem like hypocrisy. This caused those that had fought in the war to not care as much about upholding traditional morals. Also, since World War I was the â€Å"war to end all wars,† Americans were quite optimistic during the 1920s. The uncontrolled satisfaction that led to self-indulgent parties and wild jazz music resulted ultimately in the corruption of the American dream, as the uninhibited desire for pleasure exceeded other, less important goals. Americans’ pursuit of pleasure in the 1920s resulted ultimately in a decline in values. Many of the values of today’s dream are similar to those of the 1920s. The dream today does consist of pleasure and happiness. However, the dream of the 1920s was to put a much stronger emphasis on it than today’s dream does. The values and morals today are also more widely accepted by the general public. An example of this is women wearing bathing suits to a public beach. In the 1920s, it was bad enough that those bathing suits were even the l east bit revealing. Today, however, it is perfectly acceptable for women to wear bikinis to a public beach, which are much more revealing than those of the 1920s. This is because the standard has gradually changed over time. Many of the values of the 1920s were extremely new and deviated from the norm greatly. The â€Å"new† values crashed right into the 1920s with the emergence of the flapper, a new generation of women who bobbed their hair, wore short skirts, and listened to jazz music. People had no time to adapt to these values. On the other hand, the values of the modern American dream were gradually incorporated. Americans today have been around these values long enough that they are now accustomed to them. During the 1920s, family life was both similar and different than it is now. Advancements in industrial production and technology enabled ordinary Americans to acquire what once had been unattainable luxuries, such as automobiles. These luxuries that were part of everyday family life in the 1920s are still part of the dream today. There are, however, differences between family life of the 1920s and modern family life. In the 1920s, husbands were the â€Å"breadwinners† for their families. While the men were at work, their wives cooked, cleaned, and looked after the home. Wives also did most of the raising of the children. Women in the 1920s did hold jobs, but that was something more for young, single women. Married women typically did not obtain a job because it would cause them to take their focus off of taking care of their family. The dream today is that both men and women perform equal shares of raising the family. Instead of just the men holding jobs, women also hold jobs today. Instead of just the women caring for the home and children, men also take part. Through these efforts, Americans can hope to achieve the part of the dream of raising a family. Throughout the 1920s, Americans went on a spending spree. The rise of the stock market led to a sudden increase in the national wealth and created a society full of materialism. People began to consume and spend more than ever, and they had the idea that money and popularity would solve everything. A person from any social background could, potentially, strike a fortune. Speculators and industrialists who achieved the American dream in the 1920s of â€Å"getting rich† were labeled the â€Å"new money.† The aristocracy disliked the new money. The so-called â€Å"old money,† families that had always had money that was passed down from generation to generation, felt that the â€Å"get rich quick† ways of earning money were not as fulfilling as the traditional ways. Today, money is valued differently than it was in the 1920s. The dream is not centered so much around money as it used to be. Yes, money is still just as important, but people nowadays keep other goals in mind other than just earning money. The dream today consists of having a job that pays well and that is enjoyable, not just a job that only pays well. Another part of the American dream that women had in the 1920s was equal rights with men. The ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920, which allowed women the right to vote, helped them come even closer to having equal rights with men. In the dream today, women seem to not be as concerned about women’s rights as they did in the 1920s. This is due to the fact that most of the work that needed to be done has already been done, such as the women’s rights movement and the ratification of the nineteenth amendment. Today, on average, women earn 77 cents for every dollar that men earn. Women still hold far less ownership, CEO, and other high positions within companies than men. These two facts are evidence that work still remains in the struggle for equal rights for women. However, women definitely came a long way and it is only a matter of time before they are equal with men, for most of the work has already been done. In the 1920s, there seems to have been an American dream that everyone was trying to achieve. Many people looked and some still do look toward this as a model for their own individual American dreams. However, even though this might have been the dream for many Americans in the 1920s, the general standard sure has changed over the years into the present time. Since the 1920s, the dream of putting a high emphasis on â€Å"materialistic† life has evolved into a present day dream of working hard, holding a well-paying job, and raising a family.

Act I Scene I of the text of Romeo and Juliet Essay

In this piece of coursework I will be comparing and contrasting Act I Scene I of the text of Romeo and Juliet and also the same scene in the Baz Luhrmann. William Shakespeare wrote the play was written between 1594 and 1596, was called Romeo and Juliet, this would be Shakespeare’s first play that ended in tragedy. The story of Romeo and Juliet was popular in Italy before Shakespeare decided to use it. Queen Elizabeth I was on the throne when it was performed. The recent versions of the play have been adapted many times because some directors have either changed the play version or have updated and rewritten the play script to appeal to a wider audience another point is that boys and men would have only been in the play until the 1660’s. The text starts after a prologue,† Do you bite your thumbs at us sir? † this is written in archaic language, this shows that William Shakespeare wrote the play during the Elizabethan times. Characters such as Gregory, Sampson, Abraham, Benvolio, Officer, Capulet, Lady Capulet, Montague, Lady Montague, Prince and Tybalt are involved in Act One Scene One, which have a result in the overall plot of the play; the two characters Gregory and Sampson are blamed for causing another brawl in the market place. However in the film the play starts the same with a prologue and then starts with the two families fighting at a petrol station. The three characters I am going to choose are Abraham, Romeo and Benvolio. I have decided to choose them because they are some of the key characters in the first act of the play and in the first act of the film. Luhrmann decides to change the name of Abraham to Abra, this is because in the modern day people would have their names shortened and it would be easier to relate to them. Luhrmann decides to dress the Capulets in Hawaiian shirts and the Montagues as cowboys. Luhrmann has decided to do this to show how the two families are totally different. The way they dress gives them their own identity. The Montagues dressed as cowboys to show that they are ruthless and aggressive however the Capulets dressed in Hawaiian shirts show that they are laid back and relaxed. Structure The setting for the play is in Italy, Verona in the early fifteen century. In Act One Scene One the play is set in Sycamore grove as well as the market place. This is where the play begins when two of the Montague family members are walking down the market place when they see a Capulet, and then they start quarrelling. The setting of Act One Scene One takes place in a petrol station where the Capulet’s and Montague’s meet, there is a small fight and bullets are exchanged between the two families. Before a car drives off and Tybalt takes out his gun and shoots the passenger in the car in the head. During the fight in the petrol station a fire was started by a match igniting petrol on top of a crack in a ground in the shape of a gross. This also showed that religion had a part in the feud. The crosses on the back of there heads showed their religion, Montagues were Protestants and Capulets were Catholics. Every serving man had a pistol with a motif, which was unique to the two families. Pistols in the film were called swords even though guns were replacing swords from the text. Pistols had distinctive motifs on them, representing what family’s they came from and whether they were protestant or catholic. The men also had their haircuts representing their families and had tattoos repenting their families too. The film is introduced to us by a series of quick photos with the characters names that introduce us to the characters. This film is very modern, you can tell this by looking at the cars and the way the people dress in Hawaiian shirts.

Free Essays on Norway

Norway: From It’s Past To It’s Present For ages ago, appeared the forefathers of what is the present day Norway. In a time of 10,000 years ago, these early Norwegian were mainly relayed on their prey such as reindeer. There is no historical agreement to where these ancestors had appeared from. Below I will explain the history of Norway from its past to its present. Some of their artifacts were of the same type had been discovered in Southern Sweden and in Denmark. Examples of these artifacts are claimed to be flint tools, clay vessels, art, and rock carvings. By the Bronze Age which had appeared in the 1500 to 500 BC, had started a turning point in the Norwegian history. Through the majority of the population were hunters, some had found advancements and technologies for agriculture. In the Roman Age ( 0-400 AD) was the beginning of more advancements and people began to become more civilized. Many of these advancements were the discovery of glass, weapons, bronze utensils, and the art of writing and communication. These writings were in a form of runic letters, which became popular in the Nordic times. Around the year 400 scientist and historians have found out that the Nordic forefathers began to migrate most of the time. The era of the Vikings marks a historical stand point in the prehistoric Norway. Through without written sources, the Vikings had left many archaeological remains, and stories which were inherited by mouth to generation to generation. It also has been said that out of the prehistoric period in Northern Europe, the Viking age was the richest of the all. For the early Vikings their job were mainly settled in Northern Scotland and Ireland. They were also sailors and explorers. The most two popular explorers were Eric the Red, and Leif Ericson. With their advancements, they were able to build worthy ships. The areas explored and traveled were countries such as Greenland, Iceland, and America... Free Essays on Norway Free Essays on Norway Norway Norway is a country that offers something for everyone. It’s a country of rich and diverse natural landscape that provides a fantastic setting for people. Norway’s conventional long form name is, Kingdom of Norway. Norway’s government type is a constitutional monarchy. The Norwegian government places emphasis on ensuring that all parts of the county have a share in the nations assets. Also, each country is encouraged to develop its own industrial and commercial base. Government control key areas, such as the petroleum sector and subsidize agriculture, fishing and sparse resources. The Norwegian legal system is a mixture of customary law, civil law system and common law traditions. Supreme Court renders advisory opinions to legislative when asked and accepts compulsory jurisdiction with reservations. The parliament is always informed when amendments to the formal framework for the operation of the Fund are made. The Political parties in Norway are: Center Party, Christian Peoples Party, Conservative Party, Labor Party, Liberal Party, Norwegian Communist Party, Progress Party, Red Electoral Alliance and Socialist Left Party. The Prime Minister of Norway is Kjell Magne Bondeuik and 19 other ministers’ work with him. The Norwegian economy is a welfare capitalism, featuring a combination of free market activity and government intervention. It is thriving and healed for further growth. The country is richly endowed with natural resources; petroleum, hydropower, fish, forests, and minerals. Also, it is highly dependent on its oil production and international oil prices. Norway is a major shipping nation with a high dependence on international trade and is basically an exporter of raw materials and semi-processed goods. Norway’s core markets include the Nordic region and Europe and the export horizon is steadily broadening. Norwegian companies invest for long term and are world leaders in sectors, such as maritime... Free Essays on Norway Norway: From It’s Past To It’s Present For ages ago, appeared the forefathers of what is the present day Norway. In a time of 10,000 years ago, these early Norwegian were mainly relayed on their prey such as reindeer. There is no historical agreement to where these ancestors had appeared from. Below I will explain the history of Norway from its past to its present. Some of their artifacts were of the same type had been discovered in Southern Sweden and in Denmark. Examples of these artifacts are claimed to be flint tools, clay vessels, art, and rock carvings. By the Bronze Age which had appeared in the 1500 to 500 BC, had started a turning point in the Norwegian history. Through the majority of the population were hunters, some had found advancements and technologies for agriculture. In the Roman Age ( 0-400 AD) was the beginning of more advancements and people began to become more civilized. Many of these advancements were the discovery of glass, weapons, bronze utensils, and the art of writing and communication. These writings were in a form of runic letters, which became popular in the Nordic times. Around the year 400 scientist and historians have found out that the Nordic forefathers began to migrate most of the time. The era of the Vikings marks a historical stand point in the prehistoric Norway. Through without written sources, the Vikings had left many archaeological remains, and stories which were inherited by mouth to generation to generation. It also has been said that out of the prehistoric period in Northern Europe, the Viking age was the richest of the all. For the early Vikings their job were mainly settled in Northern Scotland and Ireland. They were also sailors and explorers. The most two popular explorers were Eric the Red, and Leif Ericson. With their advancements, they were able to build worthy ships. The areas explored and traveled were countries such as Greenland, Iceland, and America...

Our Town Symbolism Essays

Our Town Symbolism Essays Our Town Symbolism Paper Our Town Symbolism Paper Essay Topic: Our Town We see through her experiences the way of life and how It ties In with Wielders themes of his play. Throughout the play we see three acts that depict days of the town of Groves Corners In different years. In the first act Emily Is still In school, she lives out her day Like a regular American girl by going to school, coming home, eating dinner with her family, talking with boys, etc. She ends her day looking at the stars before she sleeps. In the second act she has grown into a young woman and is now getting married to the boy next door, she seems to be a typical bride by getting cold feet before the adding and have emotional thoughts, through the end of the second act she ends up married and running off with her husband to who knows where. Finally in the third act, Emily is being put to rest; she has passed away during childbirth. We see Emily depicted as a spirit hoping to relive her life, but in the end she learns to acknowledge that she is dead and now must wait for her eternal life to begin. Wilder uses Emily lifespan to express his theme of life and death represented like the time of day. He starts often play in Emily young years which begins in the morning and n the end of the play, which is act three, sets off in her funeral where the play ends at night. The way Wilder explains in his play is that everything has an end like life and death, Wilder parallels it with day and night to show his meaning of beginnings and endings. Another theme Thornton Wilder uses in his play is the need for Human Companionship. Emily experiences in this theme are similar to the one before just that this time, shows the need of companionship with another. Every time we heard the hymn Blessed Be the Tie That Binds, Emily is somewhere with George her Cubans. This hymn was a symbol that shows that Wilder considers the human nature for the need of companionship a gift he may even have considered It sacred. The hymn is used each time Emily and George shared a moment together, for example In act one when the hymn was sung It was when Emily and George shared there conversation by their windows, In the second act the hymn was sung when Emily and George where wedded, and In the third act the hymn was sung when Emily was being burled and Joining the dead, leaving George behind. The verse of the hymn means that blessed Is tie that binds those two together, since they shared a life together. Wielders need for Employs companionship Is a showing that In human nature we all need a companion that one too walk with us through life. To finish, Wielders final theme would be to cherish every moment of life. As we see n AC tender, Emily In near split Tort tries to go Deck to ten past Ana relive a nappy day of her life, but she cannot handle it because all the emotions are too much for her that they overwhelm her. As she goes back to sit with the dead she realizes that hen they warned her that she shouldnt try to relive her past that its too late for her to cherish that moment. All she can do now is to wait for her eternal life and as she does so, she sees George crying at her grave. When the dead see this they feel no apathy for the man since they think he is Just wasting his life. Wielders point is that no matter what happens cherish every moment of your life and never let nothing hold you back, the loved ones that you lose do not mourn for them for they would not want you to, they would rather you Just cherish the moments you had with them and onetime on with your life. Since you only have one life and you should make the best of it. In conclusion, Wielders themes reflect off the lives of people and represent human nature in their own way. Life and Death, Human Companionship, the Value of Life all reflect on us, and Wilder uses this play to give us a push in the right direction and to step out of that cloud of ignorance that he talks about in the third act. Our Town is a play of life and is a great literature reading for the twenty-first century. Maybe he was right this book is a time-capsule to the past to show how people really cherished life.

African-American Civil Rights in the Years 1950 to 1962 Essay Example for Free (#1950)

African-American Civil Rights in the Years 1950 to 1962 Essay ? Explain how far the views in Source B differ from those in Source A in relation to President Eisenhower and the desegregation of education. Both sources illustrate Eisenhower’s negative opinion on desegregation in schools. Both criticise and portray Eisenhower’s intolerance of black people as Source states Eisenhower’s comment that white people ‘ are concerned about is that their sweet little girls are not required to sit in school alongside some big overgrown Negroes’ . Eisenhower’s ‘sympathises’; the south as he originates there himself, the intolerance could be considered to be part of the South’s culture and behaviour to be intolerant of the black people, it is arguable that this effected Eisenhower’s political judgement . The fact that Eisenhower came from military background after spending 44 years of his life in service, would have influenced his decisions and opinions on desegregation as military camps were segregated and Eisenhower would have been use to this system. He once again agues from the South’s point of view in Source B, ‘I don’t believe you can change the hearts of men with laws and decisions’ this once again supports the point I made before. Evidence of his intolerance was regretting appointing Earl Warren as chief of justice ‘the biggest damn fool mistake I ever made’ he obviously was very against the decision and never wanted desegregation. The similarities continue as both sources shows the reluctance of helping the black people through desegregation. Source A comments that he didn’t show a clear support for the Supreme Court decision to desegregate schools, ‘his silence encouraged massive resistance’. His political and personal opinions were colliding with each other making his actions limited. Source B shows proof of his reluctance also as it stated three years later he finally protects the little rock 9 with a federal army in 1957. This was the first time Eisenhower showed support of segregation however; it was a ‘weak act’ from Eisenhower. It could be possible that he felt that it was his study as the president not himself supporting civil rights for the black people. However, the sources do differ in the fact that source B states a more positive view on Eisenhower even thought it was considered ‘weak’. As already stated Eisenhower While in presidency did not actively support desegregation and had reservations about the Brown decision, he understood his constitutional responsibility to uphold the federal authority and the law. Eisenhower ordered federal troops to guard and Little Rock and protect black students as they walked to school. He therefore became the first president since Reconstruction to use federal troops to protect the rights of African Americans. As Source A’s tone is very negative as it quotes intolerant views on the African Americans, it insinuates that Eisenhower is very against African Americans being part of a ‘white society’ this contrast with the little rock 9 as he aids the black people into the school, after his comments it would been unlikely to help the black people but he does. To conclude: source A and B are very similar as they both voice the intolerance and his lack of support Eisenhower gave to the African-Americans. I agree with the source as from my own knowledge he was very against civil rights because of his Sothern influence. His views on desegregation was transparent from his actions and that’s what source and B illustrate (12 Marks) (B) Use Source A, B and C and your own knowledge. How important was the Supreme Court in the development of African-American civil rights in the years 1950 to 1962? The Supreme Court is the highest federal court in the US, consisting of nine justices and taking judicial precedence over all other courts in the nation. The Supreme Court would have benefited every African- American with their decisions of passing and lifting laws if they succeeded in winning their cases. It allowed them to have legal rights with in the country and legally be equal to the white people. However, the self-esteem of the African Americans was low due to the intolerance of the white people therefore figures such as Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King and support of political figures such as Kennedy allowed them to be brave and a sense of pride in gaining equality. Therefore, the Supreme Court could be considered less important than other figures and factors that occurred between 1950 and 1962. Source A and B discuss the Brown vs. Topeka’s Board of Education verdict in 1954. The Supreme Court passed the law of desegregated schools by the chief of Justice Earl Warren. He was criticised for his decision such as President Eisenhower, who had shared his annoyance with Warren by stating that is was the ‘biggest damn fool mistake he ever made’. The silence of Eisenhower’s support on desegregation caused massive resistance along with the indirect deadline for when desegregation is to commence. Hence, Brown 2 in 1955 was the attempt to get a clearer deadline than before. However, disappointingly the verdict was ‘with all deliberate speed’ it was still vague and prolonged the wait for desegregation. The Supremes’ role in this particular situation helped civil rights as it declared more equality within America however turned to a hindrance as it become a battle of when it will happen. The decision also caused further problems for the African- Americans as Little Rock complied with the high court’s laws and decided to desegregate there all white school. The NAACP submitted nine students originally to join the school and gradually bring more in and settled them slowly. However, it wasn’t that simply as the 9 students went to enter their school they was verbally abused and tormented by the white southerners, Eisenhower had to submit federal assistance to help them into school , this is stated in source B as it had taken 3 years to show any support from Eisenhower and the south to finally accept desegregation . Eisenhower’s federal involvement was then became the first president since Reconstruction to use federal troops to protect the rights of African Americans. However, since Brown vs. education Source C states that McLaurin vs. Oklahoma rules that universities too have to follow the desegregation law and that you ‘could not provide different treatment to a student solely because of his/her race’. This proves that the Supreme Court was furthering African American rights through all levels of education making them equal and educated. This is another influence the Supreme Court had over monumental changes for the African Americans and the society around them. However, it is arguable that the Supreme Court only assisted the figures and events that immensely changed civil rights for the African Americans. Events such as the Montgomery Bus boycott in 1956 were a political and social protest. after the arrest of Rosa parks African Americans were ready to take action and regain some equality and raise the issue of how wrong it is to make a ‘tired, old lady’ to move, even if it wasn’t entirely true. The boycott was led by the group the MIA (Montgomery Improvement Association) Saturday 3rd December the black community supported each other as a lot of people avoided the busses and had to take rides with other people in the community, even though it was difficult the supporters of the cause enthusiastically agreed to continue the boycott until there was justice. The success of the black people boycotting led to economic stress were the issue of segregation would be over. The fact that one event, encourage African Americans to stand for their rights influenced and uncovered the most influential figures in civil right history and gained justice from their efforts. This is repeated again the 1960 in the Greensboro sit-in’s when African Americans refuse to move to from their seats in the Woolworths store. Their numbers increased in support and was watched by the world; even Eisenhower voiced his opinions on the matter. These nonviolent protests allowed black people to become a part of changing their future and not relying on court cases and individuals to get them there. Arguably even though they gained great success the black people didn’t have any legal hold on desegregating the bus system, thus the Browder vs. Gayle case. The Supreme Court upheld the district court’s decision in making bus’s desegregated. Without the confirmation from the Supreme Court all the black people’s efforts would have resulted to nothing without the confirmation of the Supreme Court. Rosa parks is seen in our modern day history as an inspirational civil rights leader. Her story influenced thousands of African Americans to boycott buses and gain equality. However, her image of being a ‘hard working, old, fragile women’ who wanted to rest her feet after a long day isn’t true at all. She had been an active protester and NAACP member for years and probably planned this protest to gain publicity and change. Due to her protest Martin Luther King was noticed as a civil rights figure, he had been watched from all over the world and from then on seen as the leading civil rights leader. His efforts in the SCLC created in 1957 after the Montgomery bus boycott, helped the southern African Americans who suffered from great intolerance . However, once again their efforts amounted to achieving the legalisation of equality, without the Supreme Court all their efforts went to nothing. To conclude: even though Martin Luther King is seen as the saviour of the African Americans in gaining equality and is still admired in our modern day society, it is the supreme court that allowed them legally to be treated as equals and live the lives they should live. However, without the efforts and protests the Supreme Court would never have considered to pass or all the African Americans to have the equality they gained through their efforts. Therefore, the other factors that influenced African Americans development on civil rights were more important than the Supreme Court. (2A) Explain why school were not immediately desegregated after the verdict in the Brown vs. Topeka Board of Education case of 1954 * Â  Earl Warren passed desegregation in 1954 in the Brown vs. Topeka Board of education. This was to end segregation. The NAACP appointed Thurgood to take the case and won with Earl Warren’s confirmation However, Warren didn’t set the deadline when schools should be desegregated. This prolonged desegregation and led to the court case Brown 2 in 1955 to gain directness on when desegregation will commence .However the verdict remained vague commenting that desegregation should happen with ‘all deliberate speed’ allowing desegregation, once again to be prevented from racial diversity in schools. This suggests that the Supreme Court was reluctant to desegregate schools fully due to Eisenhower’s silence and the South’s reluctance to do so. Other than the Cooper vs. Aaron case, the southern manifesto is proof of their reluctance as this was a legal document signed by 99 politicians to counter the decision on Brown vs. Education, because of the legality and not just the opinions of the south. This then makes the manifesto more than reluctance but a serious legal matter. Their claim matched the opinions of the south commenting that ‘segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. The southern manifesto stated that ‘It is destroying the amicable relations between the white and Negro races’, ‘It has planted hatred and suspicion where there has been heretofore friendship and understanding’ to make their argument fair and agreeable they used the idea that desegregation will bring violence and issues to the communities when there is no need. Even though some areas (especially in the north where it was more tolerant) accepted desegregation quickly. However, a lot of the south continued segregation as they didn’t agree with the Brown vs. Board of Education, thus the southern manifesto. The build-up of tension of intolerance was at little rock. Little rock school in Arkansas decided to comply with the high court’s ruling. The NAACP submitted 9 students to the previously all white school. They was verbally abused and tormented as they entered the school, President Eisenhower had to send federal troops to protect the 9 children. This suggests that ‘fear’ that was presented in the southern manifesto was proven to be true allowing anxiety for other schools and black people to comply with desegregation. President Eisenhower originated from the south and voiced intolerance himself about the decisions of Brown vs. board of education. It was commented that his silence encouraged massive resistance to applying the new law forcefully through the country as he did not agree with the verdict. It was also claimed that he voiced annoyance about appointing Earl Warren stating that it was ‘The biggest damn fool mistake I ever made’ this is evidence of his intolerance because he disapproved of Warren’s decision. Being a military man himself he was use to the segregation system and probably agreed with the idea of ‘separate but equal’. This suggests why the Supreme Court had given vague answers of when the deadline should be on desegregation because the president wasn’t happy with the decision. To conclude: there were many factors to why desegregation wasn’t immediate however; the most important factor that contributed to preventing desegregation was the south. The fear, the legal documentation created by the south, the behaviour and the powerful leaders from the south made the desegregation difficult and tense. The South’s intolerance caused the most issues, as the north complied with high court’s decision quickly as there was less intolerance. Â  * (2B) ‘The work of the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People (NAACP) was the most important reason for the desegregation of schools in the years 1950 to 1960’ * Explain why you agree or disagree with this view * The NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People) is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909. Their mission is to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination. They are the earliest organisation to aid African- Americans into equality. They have had many successes in desegregating schools and their efforts have gone far however, it is arguable that other organisations, figures and events that were more influential to desegregation in schools than the NAACP. * The NAACP had succeeded in other cases for the rights of black people however; it was the Brown vs. Board of Education that is considered NAACP’s victorious achievement. But, without the work of Thurgood marshal that was appointed by the NAACP the outcome might have been different. Other than being the first African American to serve on the Supreme Court he had won 29 out of the 32 he had faced. He was a very intelligent and stood for his rights after winning previous cases for the NAACP himself and a team of NAACP attorneys won Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. Other than the NAACP winning the case Thurgood who was part of the NAACP team, was an inspiration to the African Americans. However, the decision didn’t lead to an immediate change as there was no clear deadline. The NAACP and Marshall forgot to argue its urgency for change therefore, Brown 2 the case that was to get the urgency it needed however, the decision was vague as it stated ‘with deliberate speed’. The NAACP did succeed in the decision of desegregation but it had no action. NAACP helped all African American’s in need such as the Little Rock 9 in 1957. The NAACP submitted 9 students to attend the previously all white school Little Rock, this was an achievement as a lot of the south wasn’t and would not comply with the high court’s orders. However, this turned into a disadvantage as The 9 students was verbally abused, tormented and prevented to enter their new school. The NAACP however, did help them try and enter or submit them in different and safer schools. It wasn’t just Little Rock students that they helped enter schools but many. * It is arguable that other factors effected the desegregation of schools such as the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court had to pass the laws to gain legal equality, therefore the Brown vs. Education case without the Chief of Justice Earl Warren reaching the decision that segregation is unconstitutional. Desegregation would never have gone through. They pass the McLaurin vs. Oklahoma state regents, this was to desegregate universities. However, other cases were inspired by the efforts of the NAACP, and the outcome they reached in the Brown vs. board of Education Verdict. * However, it was the ordinary people that changed their future by joining protests and helping each other. Such as Linda Brown, if it wasn’t for Linda’s cause the case to bring desegregation to schools. Linda Brown was the Daughter to Oliver Brown, because of his annoyance that his daughter had to walk 6 blocks because of the Plessy vs. Ferguson ruling ‘separate but equal’ under the Jim Crow laws. Her long walks to school led to one of the most monumental events that happened for African Americans. However, Linda Brown was part one of the thirteen families that was recruited to Topeka (the area they lived in), the NAACP took the case for Brown and pursued his plan to desegregate schools. * To conclude: The NAACP efforts in desegregating schools were more important than the other factors that influenced desegregations. Without The NAACP providing lawyers such as Marshall and helping brown win his case, Oliver brown wouldn’t of won the case. I believe that the NAACP’s involvement in the desegregation of schools was the main reason and that’s why I agree with the statement. African-American Civil Rights in the Years 1950 to 1962. (2016, Nov 19).

What Are The Global Trends Of International Student Mobility And Their Term Paper

What Are The Global Trends Of International Student Mobility And Their Implications For Hong Kong - Term Paper Example The national development efforts that are prevailing worldwide are currently focused on acquiring, maintaining and improving such capacities (Guruz & Zimpher, 2011). The system of higher education acts as a key components regarding the education, the training and the Research & Development (R&D) system of a national economy. One of the components in system of higher education is referred to as an academic mobility. The international mobility of quality students and scholars are recognized to be quite old phenomenon. It eventually happened at the beginning of the medieval European foundation of higher education when it was at times quite unattainable to differentiate the students from the teachers. Thus, internationalization of an advanced education includes transitional activities of students, scholars, programs and institutions across the cross border regions. These are jointly defined as transnational or cross border higher education (Montgomery, 2010). The global student mobility refers particularly to those students who are learning in a foreign country. It is regarded or treated as one of the components of international higher education, along with having the greatest socioeconomic, cultural and political implications. According to UNESCO, â€Å"a foreign student is a person enrolled at an institution of higher education in a country or territory of which he is not a permanent resident† (Guruz & Zimpher, 2011). It has been recognized fact that most of the countries comply with the definition provided by UNESCO, regarding the global student mobility, but still there are certain distinctions among the countries regarding the definition of a foreign student (Guruz & Zimpher, 2011). In this connection, UNESCO defines students having global mobility as those who are not the permanent residents of the host country and excludes those who are on exchange programs of one year or less. Especially, UNESCO is currently working on a more strict definition by inc luding prior education as a major criterion. Thus, it can be concluded that more consistent along with more dependable data on foreign student or international student mobility is forthcoming (Guruz & Zimpher, 2011). In the paper, the global trends of international student mobility along with their implications for Hong Kong has been elaborately focused and discussed followed by a strong conclusion upon this topic. Various aspects regarding the implications of global trends of internalization, role of globalization, transnational trends, factors affecting international student mobility, economy, society & higher education of Hong Kong and recent trends in the global student mobility will also be taken into consideration for this paper. Factors Affecting International Student Mobility There are several factors or ways through which the issue of globalization shifted to free market economy which has eventually affected the governance and financing of traditional institutions of higher education. The issue of increasing market forces marked a remarkable impact upon the higher education in the form of resource diversification and increasing dependence on tuition fees in public institutions along with expanding share of private institutions in national higher learning system (Guruz & Zimpher, 2011). By focusing upon the above mentioned factors, it has been recognized that certain transformation has come at a time of increasing demand regarding global post secondary learning that ultimately change view of the purpose of the nation along with resulting decrease in public subsidies. The institutions of higher education in many countries have been given freedom in order to generate

Comparing Consumer and Organizational Buyer Behaviour in the UK Essay

Comparing Consumer and Organizational Buyer Behaviour in the UK Desktop Printer Market - Essay Example It is for this reason that companies have to continue investing in research and development in order to produce more innovative products that competitors. The printers industry is experiencing the same challenges, especially in the desktop printer market; innovation is driving firms into developing new products with sophisticated level of technology and performance. In the UK, the desktop printer market is witnessing competition from the digital media market, thanks to advancement in technology. Indeed, statistics show that growth in the UK’s printer market has been in decline compared to other Western Europe countries like France and Germany. However, firms have continued to invest heavily in diversification of their product lines, with competition now shifting from all-purpose printers to 3D printers. Generally, there are two main buyers for desktop printers including consumers for home use and organizations for office use. Here, firms are concentrating on building positioni ng strategies that make them more attractive to the customers. Despite facing competition from digital media, firms have top compete among themselves, with major manufacturers such as HP, Samsung, Canon, and Epson among others investing heavily in advertising and other forms of promotion. This paper will examine and discuss the desktop printer market in the UK. ... n on decline; indeed, the downward trend is expected to continue in the current year, despite the industry being one of the largest in the UK, employing over 77,000 people (Ibis World, 2013). For quite a long time, the inkjet printers have dominated the printer market; however, other types of printers have taken the market by storm and have claimed a sizeable market share, among them being the laser printers and the recently introduced 3D printers. As a result, consumers and organizations have a variety of options from which to choose. With the technology shifting from analogue to digital, it means that new products have also to be digital in order to be relevant. It is for this reason that most recent printers are digital, making them more efficient and convenient to use. Indeed, it is now easy to buy a digital inkjet printer or a laser printer from the market. Importantly, technology has allowed the printer market to diversify further by introducing the 3D printers, which have been received warmly by consumers, thanks to their affordable prices and high quality printing capability. Indeed, almost every company is going for the 3D desktop printers due to the rising demand, especially from architects and home users, as well as from education institutions. It is no wonder that the UK government has established a program to sponsor teaching of 3D technology in schools. The UK market of desktop printers is highly competitive, as almost every large manufacturer of printers is available in the UK. These firms include HP, Canon, Epson, Samsung, and Kodak among others, all of which tend to outdo each other in terms of product differentiation and marketing strategy. The presence of such a big array of operators in the market means that entry to the market is very easy –

The Message of Harp of Burma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Message of Harp of Burma - Essay Example is coined from the fact that the Japanese solder in the war use to play Harp instead of using the bullets after realizing that they lost the war, this unit of the Japanese soldiers remained motivated through signing and playing of the Harp. The book describes the engagement of the Japanese soldiers and the British soldiers in the battle of the World War II that ended in 1945. The author himself admits that he was not pro the involvement of the Japan in the World War II and more so, joining the triple alliance with Germany and Italy forming the Rome-Tokyo-Berlin axis. This story gives the in depth of the Japanese participation in the war, the consequences they realized, and their relationship with the British army after the defeat in the Second World War, which lasted between 1939 and 1945. The book talks about Japan in the participation of the World War II in terms of the roles played by the soldiers and the intrigues that followed. Contrary to the opinion that is known about Japan in the Participation of the war. The story in the book depicts Japanese solders as easily disillusioned (Takeyama, 44). This is because just by getting the rumors making the rounds that the war is over, the captain of the solders admits to surrender to the British forces and constantly being under the control of the British. During this period, the British even asked the captain to send one of theirs solders to other units to inform them of the status of the war. One is of the Japanese soldiers who happened to be playing the harp volunteers the duty though knowing the potency of the same-he risked being killed by the solders for showing high level of cowardice (Takeyama, 56). The solder risk and went to deliver the message but in the jungle, he finds most of the Japanese soldiers killed in the field and remains unattended. He feels the situation needs care and wanted to volunteer to bury as many bodies as he could but later decided to abandon the exercise as he realized that there is

Race & Modernism in Jean Toomer's Cane Research Paper

Race & Modernism in Jean Toomer's Cane - Research Paper Example The research paper "Race & Modernism in Jean Toomer's Cane" investigates race & modernism in "Cane" of Jean Toomer. Tom suffers a gruesome death at the hands of the white people. Although the story is centered around racial issues, the concept of death provokes emotions within the reader, and the graphic description of the death Tom suffers increases the degree to which emotions are induced within the readers. Toomer uses a racial slur to enhance the scene when a crowd member shouts â€Å"two deaths for a goddamn nigger.† The imagery of the death is magnified by the gruesome nature in which it occurs, as Tom â€Å"could be seen within the flames. Only his head, erect, lean, like a blackened stone. Stench of burning flesh soaked the air. Tom's eyes popped.† Toomer’s graphic imagery evokes a reaction, repelling readers with the gory details of Tom’s murder. The text is embedded in American culture and history. Toomer’s story is set in the state of Geo rgia in an unnamed factory town. In â€Å"Blood-Burning Moon† this is not explicitly men-tioned, though hinted at through the name of one of the characters, Old David Georgia. However, since this text is part of a larger collection, it should be known to the reader who has read the preceding texts. The connotations with Georgia – e.g. Southern, rural – may not be known to every reader in the target culture. However, this is not a real problem since they are made explicit in the text. The author mentions that factory town is in the South.

Holocaust, The Situation of Depression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Holocaust, The Situation of Depression - Essay Example According to the essay "Holocaust: The Situation of Depression" findings, in terms of the manner of labor inside the Ghetto, forced labor is very much imminent. People have to work so hard in return for nothing. Bribery must be done sometimes to at least escape from the harsh working conditions. This only shows how inhumane the treatment to the Jews and other Europeans happened back then. The manner of implementation of things somehow satisfies a very sadist culture for the German soldiers who have been so happy seeing the suffering of Jews. This has been the common cases of Genocides. One finds happiness in the suffering of others. If we shall observe more carefully the Ghetto life, it is deeply rooted in the grand political narrative of Hitler: superiority. At the same time, these Ghetto camps can be considered safe havens somehow but not that safe in reality. People may just be working, forced under harsh circumstances that dehumanize them further. Solomon Radasky back then has us ed bribery as well just to see his sister who is already dead. This only shows that his frustration about the situation during the war is very incommensurable. At the same time, he has experienced the work inside the Ghetto camps which I have described to be so harsh and demeaning the one who worked would most likely do not want to work there since there is no hope of getting comfort and be treated humanely. In this case, violence has been so triumphant in Europe during the war. There is no significant difference in it when the other wars have occurred.

The Message of Harp of Burma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Message of Harp of Burma - Essay Example is coined from the fact that the Japanese solder in the war use to play Harp instead of using the bullets after realizing that they lost the war, this unit of the Japanese soldiers remained motivated through signing and playing of the Harp. The book describes the engagement of the Japanese soldiers and the British soldiers in the battle of the World War II that ended in 1945. The author himself admits that he was not pro the involvement of the Japan in the World War II and more so, joining the triple alliance with Germany and Italy forming the Rome-Tokyo-Berlin axis. This story gives the in depth of the Japanese participation in the war, the consequences they realized, and their relationship with the British army after the defeat in the Second World War, which lasted between 1939 and 1945. The book talks about Japan in the participation of the World War II in terms of the roles played by the soldiers and the intrigues that followed. Contrary to the opinion that is known about Japan in the Participation of the war. The story in the book depicts Japanese solders as easily disillusioned (Takeyama, 44). This is because just by getting the rumors making the rounds that the war is over, the captain of the solders admits to surrender to the British forces and constantly being under the control of the British. During this period, the British even asked the captain to send one of theirs solders to other units to inform them of the status of the war. One is of the Japanese soldiers who happened to be playing the harp volunteers the duty though knowing the potency of the same-he risked being killed by the solders for showing high level of cowardice (Takeyama, 56). The solder risk and went to deliver the message but in the jungle, he finds most of the Japanese soldiers killed in the field and remains unattended. He feels the situation needs care and wanted to volunteer to bury as many bodies as he could but later decided to abandon the exercise as he realized that there is

Holocaust, The Situation of Depression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Holocaust, The Situation of Depression - Essay Example According to the essay "Holocaust: The Situation of Depression" findings, in terms of the manner of labor inside the Ghetto, forced labor is very much imminent. People have to work so hard in return for nothing. Bribery must be done sometimes to at least escape from the harsh working conditions. This only shows how inhumane the treatment to the Jews and other Europeans happened back then. The manner of implementation of things somehow satisfies a very sadist culture for the German soldiers who have been so happy seeing the suffering of Jews. This has been the common cases of Genocides. One finds happiness in the suffering of others. If we shall observe more carefully the Ghetto life, it is deeply rooted in the grand political narrative of Hitler: superiority. At the same time, these Ghetto camps can be considered safe havens somehow but not that safe in reality. People may just be working, forced under harsh circumstances that dehumanize them further. Solomon Radasky back then has us ed bribery as well just to see his sister who is already dead. This only shows that his frustration about the situation during the war is very incommensurable. At the same time, he has experienced the work inside the Ghetto camps which I have described to be so harsh and demeaning the one who worked would most likely do not want to work there since there is no hope of getting comfort and be treated humanely. In this case, violence has been so triumphant in Europe during the war. There is no significant difference in it when the other wars have occurred.

Developments In Cold Environments Sustainable Essay Example for Free

Developments In Cold Environments Sustainable Essay To what extent are more recent developments in cold environments sustainable ? Fishing can disrupt food chains. For example krill fishing in the southern ocean is depleting food supplies for whales and penguins. Overfishing of a species can severely deplete its population, sometimes beyond recovery. Overfishing of the patagonian toothfish in the Antarctic is currently a concern. Bottom trawling catches fish by dragging nets along the sea-bed. This disrupts the eco system by reducing light levels thought increasing turbidity and catches other species as well as the target one. Its carried out in the gull of Alaska, the greenland sea and the barents sea. Fishing quotes have been introduced to limit the number of fish caught and prevent overexploitation of the resource. Large cruise ships increase pollution in the areas from the ships and from the tourist. Tourists and tourism developments disrupt wildlife and damage habitats leading to reduced biodiversity. National parks have been set up to allow tourism whilst protecting the environment e.g. denali national park in Alaska was set up in 1917 and then expanded in 1980 to induce a greater area of land. Cars and private vehicles are banned from the park so visitor’s have to travel in park buses on approved routes. The most vulnerable parts of the park don’t have any roads at all. So the ground is protected from the damaging effects of vehicles. Oil spills can occur during transport of oil from the area. For example in 1989 there was a huge oil spill off the coast of Alaska when the exxon valdez oil tanker crashed. Over 40 million litres of oil spilled into the ocean and over 250 000 birds and fish were killed. Oil spills can occur if the pipelines leak between 1977 and 1994 there were on average 30 to 40 spills a year from the trans-alaska pipeline. Some of these were caused by intentional attacks and forest fires. Oil pipes have automatic shut off valves in order to minimis e oil spills if the pipelines are damaged.

Traditional Chinese Culture And Chinese Marriage Theology Religion Essay

Traditional Chinese Culture And Chinese Marriage Theology Religion Essay Marriage is an important part of life. Different cultures have their own tradition to celebrate this big event. Through understanding the traditional customs of marriage, we could learn more about the nations culture and values. In this essay, features of traditional Chinese marriage will be introduced and we will look at how Chinese Culture and traditional values are involved and influence the traditional Chinese marriage culture. Introduction First of all, we should have some brief understanding on some basic traditional values about families and the ancient Chinese society. In traditional Chinese culture, the family units are the basic units of the society which forms the nation. When the family units are well-ordered, the society will then become well-organized and eventually form a harmonious nation. And for thousand years, Confucianism has a very deep influence to Chinese culture and has significant impact in different aspects of the Chinese society. Confucianism is a philosophy which emphasizes on the moral ethics of peoples behaviours in daily life. It is a set of moral and ethical rules or ideas that dictate how a person should behave. It plays a key role in forming the social norms of the Chinese society (Yu 69). Patriarchal Society and values Traditional Chinese families are clan and patriarchal based. A clan is composed by descendants of the same ancestors and families which inherit the same surname. A clan emphasis greatly on kinship and blood relationship, they are regarded as an extension and the continuity of the family. Traditional family always put the clans interests above personal interests and personal honor as the clans honor and shame are closely related to one self. These values play a significant role in traditional Chinese marriage culture. Marriage in WuLun (à ¤Ã‚ ºÃ¢â‚¬ Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ «) In Confucianism, one of ethical and moral rules on the individuals and social interaction is WuLun (à ¤Ã‚ ºÃ¢â‚¬ Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ «) . WuLun indicates the five major relationships within a society. The Five Relationships are King to subject, Father to son, Husband to wife, Elder brother to younger brother and Friend to friend (Yu 94). Maintaining good relationships will stability and prosperity of the society and embrace the whole nation to live in harmony. One of the relationships which I would like to mention is Husband to wife, in other words, it is about marriage. To the Confucians, marriage is important to both the clan and the society. The marriage not only symbolizes the joining of two individuals but also the joining of two families with different surnames. Therefore, marriage can act as a medium to connect different families and clans to form a society and even nations. To certain extent, a good relationship of marriage is believed to bring harmony to the society and the whol e world is a big family. Arranged Marriage and matching For traditional Chinese marriage, lots of constraints were also attached with. First of all, a marriage is always pre-arranged by parents, but not based on the couples love and own choice. One of the reasons is that the marriages are usually associated with political reasons and benefits. But the most important one is that the marriage is a major family event and it is a matter of the clan, therefore the marriage must be decided by the parents and individuals must subject to eldership. Brides and grooms will only see or know each other until the wedding day comes ( Gu 137). Moreover, as the Chinese said, Bamboo door to bamboos one, wood door to woods one. To choose an ideal partner, the wealth and social status of the family must also take into consideration. To the male side, the marriage is directly affecting the prosperity and the reputation of their family in the future. The fame of the family and social status of the family is extremely important in traditional Chinese value. People would tend to look for potential families who had similar or same social status as they were to marry with. Therefore a boy who comes from a wealthy family will never be permitted by his parents to marry a girl from a poor family. Confucians emphasize on Li à §Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ® Li, or the rites, are the guidelines for people to behave properly. It emphasizes respect to others and surroundings through rules and ceremonies. The ideas of Li are closely related to ethics, human nature and social order in society. Li is essential and favourable to society because it encourages and reminds people to aware and fulfills their responsibilities towards others. Three Letters Six etiquettes à ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ¸Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ­Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ® Marriage also has guidelines and rites to follow and procedures are written down in the Book of Rites. Each of the complex procedures has its own symbolic meaning and part of the essential processes in traditional Chinese wedding are the Three Letters Six etiquettes. The Three Letters are the betrothal letter, gift letter and the wedding letter. These letters are the formal documents with the meaning of engagement, gift and confirmation of the marriage. The Six etiquettes are proposal, assessing birth date, presenting betrothal gifts, presenting wedding gifts, setting a wedding date, and finally the wedding ceremony (Chinese Social Customs). Proposal: After the parents of the male side choose a girl, they would then find a matchmaker and her role is to propose and present the male familys request to the girls family and parents. Birth date assessment: If the brides parents did not oppose to the marriage, the matchmaker would ask the birth date and hour of the bride to ensure the couples compatibility. If there were signs of conflicts between the numbers, which is believed to bring disasters to both families, then the proposed marriage will abandoned immediately. Presenting betrothal gifts: After both of the birth dates and hours were approved, the bridegrooms family would ask the matchmaker to arrange and present betrothal gifts to the brides family along with the betrothal letter. Presenting wedding gifts: The bridegrooms family would send wedding gifts formally to the brides family. Gifts usually include tea, beans, oranges, pomegranates, bridal cakes, coconuts, wine, red hair braids, lilies and many other delicacies, each with symbolic meaning in the wedding and the gifts can also show the familys wealth Setting a wedding date: An auspicious date is select for the wedding ceremony. Ceremony: On that day, the bridegroom departs his own home and play loud and cheerful music along the way to the brides home. During the wedding ceremony, both bride and groom have to stand side by side and make three bows. Three bows is the most important rites in the ceremony. The first bow is made to the Heaven and Earth and ancestors. The second bow is to parents and the third one is to each other. (Chinese Wedding traditions) From the above wedding procedures Three Letters Six etiquettes, two main traditional Chinese values can be observed. First, under the Confucian worldview, Chinese believe that the world is structured by sancai (Heaven, Earth and Human) and they all share the same nature and this nature is characterized by harmony. Confucian considers people and nature as a whole and any confrontation with the nature will destroy the harmony. Therefore, assessing birth dates and hours for choosing the correct bride and setting an appropriate wedding date is to avoid any confrontation between the nature and human. Choosing the right bride and right date can avoid any disasters from happening and prevent bad luck, and the marriage is then considered as auspicious, which brings good fortune. Second, the ceremonies show the significance of filial piety. Amongst the 100 virtues, filial piety come first. Filial piety can be referring to full respect and unquestioning obedience to parents. But it is more than that. Confucians consider filial piety as the most important virtue and must be shown not only towards to parents and elders, but also the dead. Reverence for ancestors and worship them is also part of the filial piety. People believe that the ancestor in heaven will bring peace and happiness to the clan descendants. Filial piety, by extension, is showing respect to the past and to the whole nation. We could see this virtue easily from the Three Bows in the wedding ceremony. The wedding ceremony takes place at the family hall because it is an important event for the family, the clan and ancestors. The three bows first shows great respect to the nature and then show filial piety to ancestor and parents. And in another ceremony, tea ceremony, the new couples have to kneel down while serving tea to parents and elder in order to show filial piety to them (Katie). Male superiority in Chinese traditional family As mentioned earlier, the traditional Chinese adopted Patriarchy. It is a social system that male is central to both family and society, and where men hold authority and power over children and women. It shows the higher status of male than female, in terms of power and marriage. In traditional Chinese society, men were thought to be the one to continue on with the family line. For this reason, men had a higher status than women in both family and society, as they were the powerful ones who could lead and organize the whole family, even to sustain the continuity of the family (Lan, Peng, Mei 126 ) For women, they were only being characterized as assisting men in traditional family; they had relatively low social status by then. The saying A woman lacking in talent and learning is virtuous shows the difference between men and women, which womens role would only be a stay-home mother who takes care of the rest and breed. Inheritance of the family line is the most important Under the influence of patriarchy, another reason for having marriage is to give birth to the next generation, as the major role of women back then. In order to successfully give birth to a boy, men would get married with more than one wife, which were allowed in the traditional society. It was not being seen as problematic because having children and sustaining a family was vital for all in the old times. In the other hand, this also shows the low status of women in traditional Chinese society. The seven reasons for divorce can best illustrate the phenomenon. The seven reasons is a list of behaviors for which a man would be justified in divorcing his wife. The most concerned one criterion in relation to the continuity of family would be the third one a woman could be divorced if she did not bear a child. People see family as the most important element in society. Although womens social status was relatively low, they had played an important role in giving birth to children. This was also their mainly function in a marriage life. That is why if a woman is incapable of carrying a child, the meaning to the marriage to her husband would be gone. So men could use such reason to marry another wife or divorce the wife who couldnt give birth to a child. Conclusion Lots of Chinese traditional culture and values are found in the culture of Chinese marriage. For traditional Chinese marriage, the benefits of families were always more important than individuals. The traditional Chinese marriage was pre-arranged between parents of two families. And traditional Chinese marriage involves lots of complex procedures. Among them, they shows the great emphasis on rites (Li) in Chinese traditional culture and among the rites and the rules, we could easily observe one of the most important virtues filial piety. Children should always respect parents and ancestors. Traditional Chinese people also emphasis on maintain harmony with the nature, they believed that human and nature were united, that is why the new couples have to bow to the Heaven and Earth first during the Three Bows. In Patriarchal society, male are superior to female and the inheritance of the family line is significantly important. To do so, male can get married with multiple wives and divorc e any wife that couldnt give birth to child. (Word Count:2020)

food :: essays research papers

Anemia is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of healthy red blood cells or hemo  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anorexia nervosa is primarily an illness that manifests itself in the mind. A person afflicted with this disease refuses food because of a debilitating fear that he or she will gain weight. The word anorexia means absence of hunger; orexia: the Greek word for appetite and the prefix an- meaning without. This self-starvation does more damage than the anorexic may realize. Without sustenance, the body is unable to work properly and keep a homeostasis so it tries to adapt to the â€Å"diet† by slowing down to reserve calories or energy. This slowing down of the metabolism, heart rate, and blood pressure is not the only consequence; the chemicals derived from food which are no longer available cause most if not all organ systems not to work sufficiently. The cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, endocrine, and digestive system are all hindered and possibly damaged by lack of a healthy diet. Luckily, with further research of the human genome, two new hormones were found that may help treat those who suffer from anorexia. Medication alone is not beneficial in recovering from anorexia, psychotherapy as well as a new structured diet are all key components in becoming a healthy functioning person once again. globin.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anorexia nervosa is primarily an illness that manifests itself in the mind. A person afflicted with this disease refuses food because of a debilitating fear that he or she will gain weight. The word anorexia means absence of hunger; orexia: the Greek word for appetite and the prefix an- meaning without. This self-starvation does more damage than the anorexic may realize. Without sustenance, the body is unable to work properly and keep a homeostasis so it tries to adapt to the â€Å"diet† by slowing down to reserve calories or energy. This slowing down of the metabolism, heart rate, and blood pressure is not the only consequence; the chemicals derived from food which are no longer available cause most if not all organ systems not to work sufficiently.

In Favor of Violence In Sports :: Sport essays research papers

With the increase in society taking a stance against violence by many people, sports has become an area where some feel that the violent acts such as the hitting and fighting that occurs should be eliminated. You can not change something that has been around for so long because it would change the aspect of the game to something completely different. The elimination of violence should not be done in sport because the violence is a part of the game which would only hurt its popularity. The reasons that the violence is occurring in sport is due to six theories according to John Schneider. "The violence in sport mirrors the violence found in society, violence as the result of economic incentives, the influence of crowd behavior on player violence, genetic causation for player aggression, learning theory and player aggression, and psychological stress and player violence" (Lapchick 230). The theories of sport mirroring society, violence as a result of economic incentive, and the influence of the crowd behavior are the theories that I feel are responsible for the increasing violence in sports. Most people when involved in a highly stressful situation where violence is around would probably resort to a fight to resolve their differences. In sport, why should we expect any difference. In events such as hockey games, where people are expected to hit and make body contact, sooner or later a fight will break out and the fans will yell and scream for their favorite player involved. Like anything, if people around us are applauding us for a certain act we have done, we will try to do it over so that we will continue to be praised. In sports, there are some players whose only role on the team is to protect and enforce the unwritten rules of the game such as in hockey where it is not right to fight or hit a Wayne Gretezy or Mario Lemieux type of star player! . His economic incentive is to protect the team and if he does not, a new line of work might be in the future. All three of those theories relate closely to the role of the fighter in sport and why it is that he does commit the acts of violence. When leagues such as the National Football League (NFL) or the National Hockey League (NHL) are asked to try and remove the violence from their sport, they are hesitant because it is not what the fans want. "Bryant and Zillman report that television viewers enjoy NFL plays more when they are rough and

Ethical Actions Essay

Was there anything in either the University Of Phoenix Student Code Of Conduct or the Student Code of Academic Integrity that surprised you? If so, what was it? Why were you surprised? If not, why not? There was nothing that surprised me about the University Of Phoenix Student Code Of Conduct or the Student Code of Academic Integrity. I feel that it is important to have rules and regulations that are enforced to keep the faculty staff and students safe and also provide us with a safe environment to learn. By insuring that these rules are enforced and imposing strict penalties for those that do not comply with these rules the University of Phoenix sets an example of fairness and equality. What did you learn about the behaviors considered important for an ethical learner or student in the University of Phoenix learning community? I learned that the behaviors considered important for an ethical learner or student in the University of Phoenix learning community is that being honest truly is the best policy; being truthful within ourselves and with each other is an important ethical mission; that a disruptive learning environment can make people uncomfortable and hinder our academics. Our different cultures and individualities should not become a factor in how we treat and/or respect each other. Rules are put in place at the University to assure us that we are able to fully become involved in the learning process. Being open-minded and listening to what others have to say is also an important aspect of respect. I learned that the ethical learners behavior deals with us being honest and as well as our character and how we present it to the world. Our behavior as an ethical learner also deals with our values and actions that we show every day.

“No Sugar”: analysis of the play Essay

One people One land that’s how the whites saw it back in the early 19 hundreds of the Australian settlement. They didn’t recognise the aboriginal people to be as people, to them they were but cheap labour. The Australian drama â€Å"No Sugar† gives us an insight into this through the lives of a few aboriginal people. The play shows how aboriginal people lose their way and become more reliant on the white man and how the whites used this position of power of them. One cannot survive unless one has ones’ purpose. To aboriginal people their purpose was unrecognised due to the destruction of their past. Which meant that their purpose was lost and without that they faded away with help by the white man. The play is set in the 1929 in Western Australia, in a small settlement called Moore River. The story behind the play is about an aboriginal family and how they work to gain their purpose and fight to survive. This is well characterised and through it’s characters we are able to see the theme to the play that one must have ones’ purpose in order to survive. Characters like Jimmy Munday and Joe represent the stronger aboriginal, the side that stands up to the white man, the side that don’t step back but take a few steps forward. Their courage and willingness to gain their purpose is passed on to the other aboriginal people throughout the play and help bring the aboriginal closer. The theme of the play is a very powerful one as it asks the viewer to think and question himself or herself on to what is their own purpose and how could they achieve their purpose if they have not found it. One has to have ones’ purpose in order to survive. For the aboriginal people their survive was weakened for the fact they had no purpose but to server and live like the whites had showed them how. In settlements or on the street not giving them the right to vote the rights whites had because the white people were afraid of them. They thought that if we let one we would have to let them all and if one can do a white persons job better then a white man. Then  Aboriginal people would takeover and white people were afraid of aboriginals having power over them. They enforced laws that weren’t set for the white man. Laws that made sure there could only be one power and that was white and not black. We’ve seen this racial hate, this black against white throughout history. The American civil war, the apartheid in South Africa and now we see it in our own country a place we call free. The aboriginal people saw different they saw only the lines of hate, the lines of white power over black, the segregation that blinded people to think that everything was moral ok. When in fact people were being used as cheap labour and weren’t given a choice, for if you did not accept you were cased into gaol. I believe that the message to the play is true and that one has to have ones’ purpose in order to survive otherwise one lose everything. For the aboriginal people they lost their way. The way of the dreamtime, the stories that used to be past on to generation to generation was been forgotten and that only the elders knew of the stories, the poems and the songs. The elders were fading away and each time one passed a story or a song was forgotten and without these the aboriginal people lost their purpose and turned to the white man to find a new purpose but all they found was lies.

Educational Reforms in Pakistan Essay

Educational reforms are a significant reference point in the educational history of Pakistan in terms of their scale, the amount of money invested in them, the order of their urgency and their official/political ownership. The reforms are also important as their need was felt by the donor country (the US), and the contours of the implementation process were drawn up by consultants who came as part of the grant package. Before we look at the politics of these educational reforms we need to understand that historically dominant groups have always used terms like ‘reforms’, ‘development’, ‘civilisation’, ‘emancipation’, and ‘peace’ for their hegemonic purpose. Many imperialist powers annexed other countries ostensibly to civilise them, to develop them, to liberate their people, and to bring peace to the colonies. The important point to note here is that hegemonic powers first turn development into ‘undevelopment’ and then offer reforms for their own version of development. For instance, when the British came to India the country was doing fine economically. Michael Parenti in Against Empire writes, â€Å"In 1810, India was exporting more textiles to England than England was exporting to India. By 1830, the trade flow was reversed. The British had put up prohibitive tariff barriers to shut out Indian finished goods and were dumping their commodities in India, a practice backed by British gunboats and military force. Within a matter of years, the great textile centres of Dacca and Madras were turned into ghost towns.† This rather long quote refers to a typical pattern of hegemonic designs of development, ‘undevelopment’ and one’s own version of development. In India, after turning development into ‘undevelopment’, the British claimed to bring development through the construction of roads, railway tracks, buildings etc. This view of development is purely physical. This interesting pattern is also shared by military governments. It is claimed that most developmental works were carried out by military dictators like Ayub, Zia, and Musharraf. We can also equate this pattern with ‘form’, ‘deform’, and ‘reform’. Military governments first dissolve parliament and then, after ruling for a long time, promise to give back democracy (their own version of it) as a token of favour. In other words, the dominant group first deforms the existing practice and then embarks on reforming the process. Let us now look at the rationale of the post-9/11 reforms. Ironically the need for such reforms was not felt by the local government but by the US. In the 9/11 Commission report, the US is urged to â€Å"support Pakistan’s government in its struggle against extremists with a comprehensive effort that extends from military aid to support for better education, so long as Pakistan’s leaders remain willing to make difficult choices of their own.† Following this commitment, a large sum of money was given to Pakistan for educational reforms. According to USAID, â€Å"From 2002 through 2006, USAID provided a total of $449m to address the most pressing needs: education, health, economic growth, and good governance.† One of the major reforms was to purge the curriculum of hate material. It is important to note that most of this hate material was in fact included during the period of the Afghan war. Besides help in the shape of weapons, money, training etc, a large sum of money was also allocated by the superpower for designing such primers and books that would excite the youth for jihad. This jihad was a political need of the superpower to settle scores with the Soviet Union. For this purpose a centre was established in Peshawar to design such books. Tariq Ali (quoted in Mamdani) referred to primers that stated that the Urdu letter tay stood for tope (cannon), kaff for Kalashnikov, khay for khoon (blood) and jeem for jihad. It is interesting that money is now being squandered on taking out the hate material which was once inserted with consent. This should not come as a surprise as education has always been used by hegemonic forces as a potent tool to realise their vested interests by moulding marginalised groups. Having looked at the upper level of politics in educational reforms now let us see political manoeuvring at the national level. Pakistan has always suffered from the problem of poor allocation of funds for education. Here was a very good opportunity to make appropriate use of money to bring a qualitative change to the educational system of Pakistan. But on the contrary, the government used this money for its own image-building. To do wonders, a retired general was appointed as minister for education. At the local level, slogans of self-praise, such as ‘Parah Likha Punjab’ were coined to create the illusion of development. On the top, political appointments were made, some of them quite controversial. A sizeable amount of funds was allocated to print and electronic advertisements for the image-building of the provincial leadership. In the books published by the Punjab Text Board a message from the chief minister was also inserted. A typical practice in most research projects, initiated in the name of educational reforms, was to focus on the enhancement of numbers. Showing increased numbers at the end of a research project would satisfy the donors, and the salaries of the employees and consultants would be justified. What do we find as a result of such lucrative projects? We should expect a typical number-crunching game without any sustainable qualitative change. It is important to realise that for real improvement in education, money is important. But money alone cannot bring about any meaningful change unless the desire for reform comes from within, appointments are made on the basis of pure merit, planning is done carefully, an effective monitoring system is in place and goals are not limited to demonstrating expansion in numbers.

Design Thinking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Design Thinking - Research Paper Example Typically, design thinking happens to be a great method for practical and creative resolutions to problems as well as for creating solutions. This mostly happens in an effort to improve the future with regard to the particular product or service (Rowe, 1987). It is an aspect of a kind of thinking focusing specifically on a solution to a particular problem. In this regard, a design thinker is found to be considering the prevailing and future conditions as well as the parameters of the particular problem. In such a case, alternative solutions are usually explored simultaneously (Rowe, 1987). This form of thinking mostly occurs within the built or the artificial environment, usually as artifact (Cross, 1982). Design thinking is based on various thinking theories such as dualism, relativism, subjective knowledge, procedural, knowledge, observation and reflection, and concrete experience among other. The dual process theory for instance gives an account of the possibility of an action occurring in two distinct ways. The critical thinker can make use of this theory to perceive the course of an action as leading to two possible and different outcomes. These outcomes may include an adverse result and good results concurrently or two good outcomes could result. An instance is a case the designing and production of a product would contribute to the desired solution, but at the same time lead to adverse issues like environmental pollution. A combination of more than one thinking theories, usually occurs during design thinking (Paivio, 2001). A standard design thinking process (Fig.1)is often incorporated to ensure success The steps illustrated in figure 1 may however differ significantly as explained further in the paper. The illustration only shows the basic steps that should be incorporated in the course of design thinking process. The application of Design